Mexico4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mexico4 - Assignment Example The target groups of rape cases are mainly young women and girls who form the economic underclass of society and work in factories that pay low wages. Sexual murders and unexplained disappearance of women and young girls rank highest in Mexico vis a vis other North American countries according to Statistics by Human Rights Organizations and lobby groups. Chihuahua, Chiapas and San Salvador are places most affected by these cases. Efforts to salvage the rights of women in Mexico have had a plunge occasioned by repugnant tendencies of authorities and employers who actively and openly discriminate against women. They have adversely been mistreated as menial job workers at the Maquiladora Industrial plants; where jobs are terminated in case of pregnancy. Mexicans are considered to be reasonably religious, a situation that has contributed to several States pronouncing abortion as illegal (Wickam-Crowly & Eckstein, 2003). To this end, the jury is still out on whether this enacted law is a violation of the rights of women. Public outcries and sustained protests by Women rights activists led the Government to create the National Commission for Equality between Men and Women, CNDH, to look into social, legal and economic issues that were unfair to women. It also has programs that seek to empower women through teaching them their legal rights and training on ways to achieve sustainable livelihoods. Reproductive healthcare remains an issue of debate as most anti-abortionists see it as the platform used to legalize abortion (Wickam-Crowly & Eckstein,

Literary Techniques Essay Example for Free

Literary Techniques Essay Kate Chopin’s â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† are both great stories. Both literature give readers the smooth and easy transition throughout the story, and then leave the readers with disappointing and jaw dropping details in the end. Both of Chopin’s stories portray typical women who have different wants and needs and emphasize their continued life struggles. In â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings,† fifteen dollars has been enough to bring Mrs. Sommers back to her past and enjoy the life she used to have. Although, the items that she has purchased  will stay with her, that does not change the fact that the moment she leaves the cable car she will have to go back to her family and face the life that she is trying to escape from. In Chopin’s story â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Armand express his love for his wife Desiree, not displaying any signs racism. He made it clear that her unknown past does not matter to him. All of that changed the moment they had a son who show traces of African ancestry. Armand rejected Desiree, so the devastated young mother left L’Abri with her son and both of them were never have seen again. In both stories, the author uses many literary techniques to express how pride and selfishness can turn someone into a different person. Chopin’s symbolism is very rich in description and filled with hidden meanings, which makes both of the stories very extraordinary. The first part of the story makes clear about Mrs. Sommers love for her Family that has changed the moment she temporarily leaves her reality in order to live and feel her past. In this short story, Chopin presents the message clearly to her readers how much Mrs. Sommers wants to escape from reality. In â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† the fifteen dollars she accumulates represents her â€Å"better days,† (2) which is the past life she has been missing. The silk stockings are used many times to symbolize luxuries, and the different 2 shades of stockings are made visible by Chopin to represent life pleasures, freedom, and happiness â€Å"some lavender, some all black† (2). Mrs. Sommers abandoning her present life is clear when Chopin makes the statement of exchanging â€Å"her cotton stockings† (2) to her â€Å"new silk ones† (2). In the story, author uses symbols significant on how the protagonist used to live  her life. She uses the â€Å"shabby old† (2) to describe her shopping bag, which resembles to her current life status. Gloves and high-priced magazines represent glamour where there are wide choices of â€Å"pleasant things,† (3). Mrs. Sommers realizes that her life before was better than what she thought it was. Narrator expresses the conclusion of what Mrs. Sommers thinks about her life before: â€Å"The damask was even more spotless than it had seemed† (4). Lastly, the cable car represents her ride towards her better days. Author sadly exposes the protagonists’ thoughts of  not wanting to return home, wishing for the cable car to never stop and keep going â€Å"go on and on with her forever† (5). All the symbolism in the story expresses Mrs. Sommers longing for her past life, her â€Å"better days† (1) which can be no longer part of her future. Chopin’s use of her symbols tried to give the readers the clearest message possible. The brilliant use of symbolism in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† sends message to the readers about the sensitivity of the subject racism back in the days, when the story is set. Chopin uses colors to tell the story of the characters’ backgrounds. The Caucasian race was presented by the â€Å"yellow  nurse,† (2) and she use â€Å"La Blanches little quadroon boys† (3) to represent mixed race or bi-racial. L’Abri and Madame Valmonde are also used to symbolize human feelings and behavior. The L’Abri, is the plantation owned by Aubigny family. The L’Abri symbolizes sadness and Chopin elaborates that when Madame Valmonde visits Desiree and describes the plantation as â€Å"a sad looking place† (2), with lots of â€Å"solemn oaks† (2). Desiree’s mother, Madame Valmonde, is used to symbolize unconditional love. She asks her daughter to come home after all 3 the heartaches Armand is causing her. The story turns out that Armand’s mother has a dark  secret, and that Armand is the bi-racial one and not Desiree. Throughout the story, Chopin uses symbolism to communicate to readers and show how race can be a big issue and can change someone’s life in a snap during the latter nineteenth century. The author also uses foreshadowing and gave hints and clues in both of the stories. It creates suspense and makes the readers wonder what will the ending of the story can be. Chopin uses the first paragraph in â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† to show some hints on what fifteen dollars can do to Mrs. Sommers. In this case, the author foreshadows the arrival of Mrs. Sommers in the store stating her exhaustion. However, the moment she realized that she is feeling the texture of the silk stockings, she describe it as â€Å"soft, sheeny luxurious things† (2) and â€Å"glide serpent-like through her fingers† (2). Chopin uses the description â€Å"serpent-like† (2) to hint temptation. This effectively foreshadows the actions presented by Mrs. Sommers in the story. Where, she falls for the temptation and end up buying luxurious things all for herself. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, Chopin uses foreshadowing to give readers a clue about the hidden mystery of who is of biracial descent in the story. Chopin describes Desiree â€Å"in her soft white muslins and laces† (2) in her first appearance in the story. Another hint stated as â€Å"Desiree had not changed the thin white garment† (5), the color white foreshadows Desiree’s background. Clues reveals in the end of the story that Desiree is of white decent. However, the technique used to reveal Armand’s bloodline or history is the same with how the author reveals of Desiree’s. Chopin used â€Å"Armand’s dark, handsome face† (3), and â€Å"Look at my hand; whiter than yours, Armand,† (4) the foreshadowing in the story made it not a surprise when Armand read his  mother’s letter and discovered the truth behind his son’s questionable race, that he is bi-racial and not Desiree. 4 Both stories of Chopin sets up the conflicts of situations in the beginning, and irony is well present in the end. Both literatures leave the readers with great lesson to learn. Ironic situation is when Mrs. Sommers ponders for days if she would invest or spend the fifteen dollars, â€Å"she did not wish to act hastily, to do anything she might afterward regret† (1). That night, she decided to spend the money for her children, and even envision her kids to look nicely and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"dainty† (1). However, it is ironic that after she touches the silk stockings, she decided to give herself a treat and end up spending all her money on luxuries for herself, leaving nothing for her children. Another irony, when Chopin described the protagonist â€Å"Mrs. Sommers as was one who knew the value of bargains; who could stand for hours making her way inch by inch toward the desired object that was selling below cost,† (1) when in fact, Mrs. Sommers ended up buying nothing but expensive items. She never worry about the price and she purchase items quickly,  impulsively. However, in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, the irony is that throughout the story Armand is blind, not knowing his history and the family secret. Racism sets up the story to draw a jaw dropping details and give their readers a shocking ending. In the beginning of the story, race does not seem to matter to Armand. He accused Desiree of lying about her ancestry. After pushing his wife and son away, Armand discovers a letter that reveals his family background â€Å"that his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery† (6). The detail about  Armand’s race is intentionally placed in the end of the story, Chopin finds that effective, where readers tend to feel hate and anger towards Armand for being prejudice. He blamed and pushed Desiree away, when he is the one with black race in his bloodline. The point of view differs, in how each of the stories is told. Chopin uses third-person limited omniscient in â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings,† so readers knows the thoughts and feelings of 5 Mrs. Sommers, but readers are not provided with details and thoughts of the other characters. Characters in the story whose thoughts are not provided: Waiter that served Mrs.  Sommers, Lady at the Theater, and the Man inside the cable car. However, In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Chopin uses third person point of view but reveals the thoughts and feelings of every character in the story, both Armand and Desiree. Chopin written some of Desiree’s feelings to know how exactly the young Mother feels â€Å"there was something in the air menacing her peace† (3) and â€Å"Desiree was miserable enough to die† (3). Both stories provided enough thoughts to give readers some details to analyze each characters feelings and dilemma. The theme of the story â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† centers on how people become selfish  and self-centered. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† the story shows how people are capable of doing evil things to gain power and freedom. Kate Chopin, who uses the literary techniques to help readers expose the mysteries hidden in each of her short stories. Author portray â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† both beautifully. Both stories serves the reader’s moral lesson and of course surprising ending. Works cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings. † Americanliterature. com. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. Chopin, Kate. â€Å"Desiree’s Baby. † Americanliterature. com. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.

Analysis of Cyrano de Bergerac as a Romantic Work Essay examples -- Cy

Analysis of Cyrano de Bergerac as a Romantic Work  Ã‚   Appeal to emotions, individualism, and intellectual achievement were three important elements of Romanticism. This essay will explore the degree to which Cyrano de Bergerac exemplifies these elements of Romanticism. First and foremost is the appeal to emotions. All of the other facets of romanticism can be related to the emotional appeal in Cyrano de Bergerac. Because strong emotional appeal is perhaps the most important method used by the author to create identity with the reader, especially in romantic works, the actions which elicit the emotional responses must, then, show a great deal about the character. The character's motives and philosophies can be determined through his actions. Because Cyrano de Bergerac was written in the romantic style, certain intellectual and emotional principles exist throughout the play, which will now be observed in depth. The overall feeling which one procures after reading Cyrano de Bergerac is a kind of nostalgic sadness. Because the first half of the play is very up-beat, very elated in style, the rather grim ending is that much more bitter. As the play opens, there is much merrymaking and festivity in preparation for the play. The sheer happiness of all of the colorful characters is transferred to the reader almost instantly. The mood is portrayed very well as being light and bubbly, an overall good feeling. The next major shift comes when Cyrano enters and, after riding himself of Montfleury, puts on the spectacle wherein he demonstrates not only his impeccable verbal dexterity, but also his fencing abilities - and both at the same time. This whole scene causes a strong reaction from the audience, and in turn, the re... ...ls of the romantic revolution, the nobility of spirit and individuality must be preserved, and intellect, whether you had it or not, was part of this, because part of being individual was coming up with some of your own ideas, possessing uniqueness of thought. Once again, this evokes a certain emotional response from the person who interprets this pseudo intellectualism, and the feeling the reader has about it is an integral part in the establishment of an identity with the characters. In conclusion, it has been shown that the primary vehicle for the expression of an authors ideas and concepts about a character is the emotional response which is depicted by the characters actions. In romantic works, because of the importance that emotion played in the romantic revolution, the appeal to emotions is the distinct and definitive factor of a good romantic play.    Analysis of Cyrano de Bergerac as a Romantic Work Essay examples -- Cy Analysis of Cyrano de Bergerac as a Romantic Work  Ã‚   Appeal to emotions, individualism, and intellectual achievement were three important elements of Romanticism. This essay will explore the degree to which Cyrano de Bergerac exemplifies these elements of Romanticism. First and foremost is the appeal to emotions. All of the other facets of romanticism can be related to the emotional appeal in Cyrano de Bergerac. Because strong emotional appeal is perhaps the most important method used by the author to create identity with the reader, especially in romantic works, the actions which elicit the emotional responses must, then, show a great deal about the character. The character's motives and philosophies can be determined through his actions. Because Cyrano de Bergerac was written in the romantic style, certain intellectual and emotional principles exist throughout the play, which will now be observed in depth. The overall feeling which one procures after reading Cyrano de Bergerac is a kind of nostalgic sadness. Because the first half of the play is very up-beat, very elated in style, the rather grim ending is that much more bitter. As the play opens, there is much merrymaking and festivity in preparation for the play. The sheer happiness of all of the colorful characters is transferred to the reader almost instantly. The mood is portrayed very well as being light and bubbly, an overall good feeling. The next major shift comes when Cyrano enters and, after riding himself of Montfleury, puts on the spectacle wherein he demonstrates not only his impeccable verbal dexterity, but also his fencing abilities - and both at the same time. This whole scene causes a strong reaction from the audience, and in turn, the re... ...ls of the romantic revolution, the nobility of spirit and individuality must be preserved, and intellect, whether you had it or not, was part of this, because part of being individual was coming up with some of your own ideas, possessing uniqueness of thought. Once again, this evokes a certain emotional response from the person who interprets this pseudo intellectualism, and the feeling the reader has about it is an integral part in the establishment of an identity with the characters. In conclusion, it has been shown that the primary vehicle for the expression of an authors ideas and concepts about a character is the emotional response which is depicted by the characters actions. In romantic works, because of the importance that emotion played in the romantic revolution, the appeal to emotions is the distinct and definitive factor of a good romantic play.   

A Short History of the Devil by Neil Mohammed :: History

A Short History of the Devil by Neil Mohammed Horned gods were worshipped in Europe and the rest of the world from the dawn of humanity. They were always part of a pagan belief system, a polytheistic belief system, which accepted many gods. Tribal pagan belief systems still in existence share this characteristic: the tribes worship their tribal gods, and other gods mentioned by strangers are not evil, or non-existant, they are simply not their gods. There were many ancient monotheistic religions such as Judaism, but again these were tribal religions, which had no urge to prosyletise, to "spread the word". Jehova was the god of the Jews, and they felt no need to persuade other tribes to worship him as well. Christianity changed all that. It felt an overpowering need to make their one god the god of everybody else within range, and so they invented the missionary. But to do this it was necessary to discredit the old pagan gods, and in particular the goddess and the horned god. Pagan pantheons never include gods of evil. Pagan gods are aspects of Nature, and in Nature there can be no evil; it exists only in the human imagination. They frequently include trickster gods, such as Loki, and gods can have a reputation for being unwise to be involved with, but not actual evil. Monotheistic religions, on the other hand, require a god of evil as an adversary of their god of good. Otherwise, why would you need Him? An obvious way to discredit the horned god and justify punishment of his worshippers is to say that he is, in fact, the god of evil in the new religion. And has been all along. This did not happen all at once. For centuries Christianity existed alongside much older pagan beliefs all across Europe, and adapted to the people there and accomodated their beliefs as far as possible. The Celtic Christian Church in Dark Age Ireland is a typical example. Then in AD 1248 Pope Innocent IV decided that it was time to suppress all heresy and for that purpose he founded The Holy Office, or as it later became better known, The Inquisition. It really took off in the fifteenth century (especially in Spain), and began rooting out all and any lingering traces of pagan belief. Being an organization run entirely by men it took an instant dislike to the old wise women living around every country village, passing on ancient pagan folk-lore to the new generation and selling folk medicine and magic charms.

Character of Crooks in “Of mice and men” Essay

Throughout the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† Steinbeck presents Crook as being lonely, intelligent and hopeless. He is in a minority group and is discriminated against because he represents the black community in 1930’s America. Indeed, it is because of this discrimination that Crooks attempts to draw whatever limited amount of power he can from his surroundings. â€Å"Well I gotta right to have a light†. This implies Crooks is defensive and maybe isn’t allowed the things he wants or needs, or the things he see that other people have. He also has a â€Å"shot gun† and a â€Å"Californian civil code â€Å". These things suggest that Crooks is physically weak and has to have protection and the law to feel power against others. â€Å"Don’t be coming in a place you’re not wanted .â€Å" This quote suggests that Crooks doesn’t want anybody coming in his room, during that time racism was strong and Crook’s has to live on his own, he doesn’t have power over a lot of things so for him to be able to have his own room he will that power over people. Crooks’ desire to exercise power over Lennie may be a result of discrimination he has suffered from in his life. â€Å"The white kids come to play†¦. My ol man didn’t like that†. This shows like most kids they are naive and therefore Crooks’ didn’t understand why his father (â€Å"ol’ man†) didn’t like him playing with the white kids. Crook’s experience of racial conflict and discrimination throughout his life teaches him why his father didn’t want him to play with them. â€Å" I can’t play coz I’m black† this quote is another example of the way society was in the 1930s and how racism was ok it also links to the theme lonely because it shows that nobody wants to be near Crooks’ or do anything with him. Crooks’ lack of social status means he does not only suffer from discrimination from the men on the ranch but also Curley’s wife. Crooks says â€Å"maybe you better go along to your own house now we don’t want no trouble† by what he is saying implies that if they are caught with or talking to her there would be trouble, and that she is dangerous to them. And one point in the novel Curley’s wife is really vindictive towards Crooks and says â€Å"well you better keep your place then nigger, I could get your strung up on a tree so easily it aint even funny.’ Crooks’ is like prey in this society and is at a disadvantage because he is black. Candy’s wife threatens him by saying she could get him killed and  could do this because she is white. This comment instantly makes Crooks silent and returns him back to his social standpoint by responding to Curley’s wife buy saying â€Å"yes, ma’am in a toneless voice. Crooks’ also attempts to exert power over Lennie in his shack although with limited success. â€Å"Crooks face lit up with the pleasure of his torture.† This may be the first time in Crooks’ life when he has more power than another human being. Lennie panics and struggles to understand, this allows Crooks to exert more control. Lennie’s mentally disabled and is used to discrimination and violence as were black people but because of Lennie’s lack of understanding it allows Crooks to wield power over him and he enjoys it. Crooks’ says â€Å"it’s just being with another guy that’s all†. This shows that Crooks’ believes that it does not matter what you say to some on it’s that you say something. He’s a very lonely person due to the fact he never has anyone to talk to. Crooks is saying having company is what matters, there’s no need to be choosy about the company itself. This shows his desperation after being isolated for so long. Crooks’ is shown to be a bitter man who sees others dreams as futile. â€Å"Nobody gets to heaven†. Crooks believes that the dream is impossible and has no hope for anybody moving past there social class and becoming rich. He mentions that tons of men have come through the ranch and said that they were going to get some land but it never works out for them so it leads to Crooks thinking the dream is completely unachievable. After Lennie and candy go one about how they will get the land and how there’s no stopping them and they seem so sure about it, Crooks says â€Å"if you guys need a hand I could come and lend it†. Crook’s stops being so negative for a moment and starts to believe in the dream. He feels so comfortable with Lennie and Candy that he forgets his place in that society, but after Curley’s wife leaves he says â€Å"forget about it just foolin. I wouldn want to go no place like that†. Crooks’ has seen all the trouble that people cause when they get together and he has decided he doesn’t want any part of it and thinks that the farm shared by three men would become to chaotic and that George would become tired of responsibility.

Free Essays on Psychology of a Serial Killer

Psychology of a Serial Killer The nineteen-seventies were an incredible decade. It was a decade of change, one of freedom, a time for great music. It was also an incredible decade for shock, fear and serial killers. John Wayne Gacy, an amateur clown, was a pedophiliac homosexual. He tortured and killed thirty three little boys and stored their remains under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, stalked New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He claimed to have been following a voice from his dog that told him when and where to kill. Ted Bundy, who is believed to have killed at least thirty-four people, was charged for only three under his own defense- and in fact, he was commended by the judge for his own defense. He was put to death. With the combination of a very powerful media and a society fascinated with gruesome, sadistic crimes, modern serial killers have been put in the spotlight. We are enraptured with serial killers so much, that we pay seven dollars to go see a movie where everyone except the bad guys gets strangled, mutilated, or shot- and enjoy it in some sick way. The media goes out of its way to glamorize murder and terrify the public. We support killers like Charles Manson on Death Row with our tax dollars. In fact, we support them with more than that. About two months ago there was an art show in California entitled: The Death Row Art Show III. Pieces sold for thousands of dollars regardless of their aesthetic appeal, because of the identity of the artists. Serial killers are becoming as popular as rock stars. Serial killers are a development of the industrial world; they really didn't "come about" until the late eighteen-hundreds when society was becoming modernized and the threat of the new age sort of displaced some individuals so much they felt they had to kill to get their point across to society. Jack the Ripper is probably the most notorious killer in history becau... Free Essays on Psychology of a Serial Killer Free Essays on Psychology of a Serial Killer Psychology of a Serial Killer The nineteen-seventies were an incredible decade. It was a decade of change, one of freedom, a time for great music. It was also an incredible decade for shock, fear and serial killers. John Wayne Gacy, an amateur clown, was a pedophiliac homosexual. He tortured and killed thirty three little boys and stored their remains under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, stalked New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He claimed to have been following a voice from his dog that told him when and where to kill. Ted Bundy, who is believed to have killed at least thirty-four people, was charged for only three under his own defense- and in fact, he was commended by the judge for his own defense. He was put to death. With the combination of a very powerful media and a society fascinated with gruesome, sadistic crimes, modern serial killers have been put in the spotlight. We are enraptured with serial killers so much, that we pay seven dollars to go see a movie where everyone except the bad guys gets strangled, mutilated, or shot- and enjoy it in some sick way. The media goes out of its way to glamorize murder and terrify the public. We support killers like Charles Manson on Death Row with our tax dollars. In fact, we support them with more than that. About two months ago there was an art show in California entitled: The Death Row Art Show III. Pieces sold for thousands of dollars regardless of their aesthetic appeal, because of the identity of the artists. Serial killers are becoming as popular as rock stars. Serial killers are a development of the industrial world; they really didn't "come about" until the late eighteen-hundreds when society was becoming modernized and the threat of the new age sort of displaced some individuals so much they felt they had to kill to get their point across to society. Jack the Ripper is probably the most notorious killer in history becau...

Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine

Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine Introduction Mining is an income generating activity that sees many countries scale the heights of power and economic success. Mineral rich countries in the world include West African states, Canada, Australia, and Russia among others. While the list remains endless, some countries continue to discover lead, gold, fluorspar, diamond, and alumina among other minerals (Cam, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main company of focus is the Goliath Gold Mine (GGM) listed in South Africa’s JSE 4 years ago (Annual Report: Goliath Gold, 2011). Employees in various mines probably suffer chronic diseases due to exposure to poisonous gases. Others are buried in the weak mines, while several others get salaries that do not match the amount of work they do at the mines. Mining is a risk taking activity, and the international community s eems to be on the spotlight. Some of the questions the submission will attempt to answer include what are the ethical and legal implications for mining? If there are consequences of mining as an income generating activity, are there any codes that protect the workers? Lastly, is mining an activity that takes care of the health of the workers? Most oil or gold rich countries in Africa have British or American mining firms working with Africans as casuals. It means that the real owners of the resources do not have the right technological and intellectual assistance to mining; they have to be subordinates in their own countries in order to earn a living. This notwithstanding the potholes left after the mining activity and the health risks posed to the locals at the same time. Best practices Adherence to OSHA regulations The Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) regulations are categorical about the health standards of employees within the work place. According to the regul ations, people should work in non-hazardous environments, and should get compensations for any injuries while at work (Koradecka, 2009). Alumina and Uranium have some of the worst effects on the miners, and it is important for the workers to put on protective gears. These include eye and nose masks and gloves to prevent any form of irritation caused by contact with various minerals.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More OSHA obligates all employers to set a clean and non-hazardous work environment through training, outreach programs, and health education, especially when the work environment is likely to pose danger to the employees. Bureaucratic companies dealing in minerals are likely to ignore such regulations, and the employees keep dying while at work or after few years of exposure to chemicals (Alana, 2012). For instance, at GGM, the precious commodity has to undergo different stages including extraction and washing. There are several chemicals involved, and without protection, the chemicals affect major body organs. Without prompt medical intervention, the case develops in other complex conditions including heart or kidney failure, cancer, or a chronic ailment leading to death (Annual Report: Goliath Gold, 2011). Sometimes the mining company refuses to take responsibility, especially when the firm provided the protective gear, but the victim still got ill. The rationale is that the gases released from the ground have high levels of penetration, and in most cases, the victims die from suffocation. By enforcing the OSHA principles, it will be difficult to come across such cases in the future. Rather, the cases will reduce over time. Inalienable basis human rights Each person has a right to life, and nobody has the right to take it away from him/her irrespective of the circumstance. While many people go to jail because of manslaughter and murder, several mine owners and companies do not face a similar sentence even though their actions amount to murder or manslaughter (Cascio, 1998). Exposing an unskilled worker to several feet below ground level with poor lighting, no oxygen cylinder, and poor protection is like a life sentence while at work. One of the best practices recommended for such situations includes provision of the best work equipment that applies the latest technologies. ISO certification is paramount for each mining company because it helps in identifying firms that apply the commonwealth mining laws (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013).  The first step to providing a safe and clean work environment is to recognize that workers are humans, they have families and friends who depend on them; therefore, their loss would have a great impact on the lives of their dependants. As such, workers need the assurance that they will get free medical cover when they fall ill at work. Besides being an element of motivation, it is a gesture to signify appreciation of life. Secondly, the mines such as gold fields and uranium fields need proper lighting below the surface to prevent tripping or collapse of the wall without the awareness of the team underground.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Latest technologies are equally helpful in reducing workload meaning that they have the ability to conduct surveillance beneath the land surface. Some can also carry out excavation; this would limit the number of people going underground to serve a similar purpose. However, there are concerns that the machinery would replace human labor, and this form of displacement is a cause of conflict among international organizations in the industry and the casual laborers across the world. To respond to the growing need for safety and health, GGM should consider CSR pro grams such as the ones carried out by Harmony Gold mine in Lesotho and parts of South Africa (Zwi, Fonn, Steinberg, 1988). Labor union representation and a functional code of ethics Labor union representation is equally paramount, but the workers have to prepare to part with monthly contributions towards the sustenance of such unions. Labor unions create an opportunity for the employees to address their grievances through the industrial courts, but most Middle East oil manufacturing and aero structures industry do not support the labor unions. For instance, Strata Manufacturing PJSC in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi believes that employees and the supervisors have a code of ethics and a mission statement that strongly supports comradeship. As such, the policies of the company cannot have any loopholes to accommodate any forms of conflict. Such assumptions should not prevail in the mining sector because of the various risks the employees face on a daily basis at work. A functional code of ethics at GGM provides a statutory authority to the supervisors to lead the organizations while the employees follow the due procedures. When the code of ethics fails to achieve the objective for which it was set, both the employees and the supervisors do not perform as per the company’s expectations (Breslow, 2002). For instance, application of health and safety standards is a two-way process that applies to both the managers and the workers. The supervisor provides the helmets, masks, and oxygen cylinders. He/she also invites professionals to educate the laborers on the significance of protection while mining. When the employee fails to heed to all these, the supervisors does not become liable to any accidents. In order to reinforce the same, supervisors and employees should sign the work contract with a clear knowledge of the principles of the code of ethics. This way, both the managers and the employees will take responsibility for any breach of organizational best practice.Adv ertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons for adopting best practice Reputation building through adherence to OSHA regulations GGM has a long way to ensure that the project remains sustainable and the target consumers do not question any legal or ethical activities related to the firm. First, it has to consider engagement in a Local Economic Development (LED) program such as providing scholarships to bright, but poor students, establishing an institution for training laborers about mining, and funding hospices or diabetes treatment centers (Stellman, 1998). Such philanthropic or CSR programs would replace the image it has in relation to its inability to take care of the welfare of workers by exposing them to extremely deep fields. Most workers equally complain of underpayment or delayed payment; this led to defection from the firm in 2009. In a press release, the management of GGM apologized to the workers while explaining that since its inception, it was in the process of creating logistics on how to meet consumer needs while dealing with competition from companies established before South Africa’s independence in 1994. By adopting the OSHA regulations and ensuring that no one violates the principles, GGM will earn consumer goodwill, which will be important for reputation building. In its CSR program, it should refill the pitfalls left after mining, or promote the building of dams to assist the country during dry seasons. Besides mining, the country largely depends on tourism and agriculture (Steger, 2003). The water will be help in generating power and other domestic purposes save for cooking and irrigation because the gold or lead deposits that grow inside the plants often have long-term effects on consumers. Finally, by training people as the OSHA regulations reinforce, the company will get positive media attention, which is equally important in boosting its reputation and attracting new customers while retaining loyal consumers within Africa and the international community (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). Significance of the code of ethics The codes of ethics adopted by GGM since inception in 2011 require appraisal after 3 to 5 years of operation. The reasons for such levels of strategic planning include the identification of strengths and weaknesses while providing recommendations on the next cause of action. In 2008, GGM realized that most minefields in South Africa incorporated artisanal mining techniques or the traditional extraction and washing methods. To the company’ realization, most miners got exposure to mercury, forcing the World Bank to support the closure of most artisanal mines in the country. To date, GGM is not a World Bank agency dealing in extraction of gold in various gold fields in South Africa, but it strives to implement the functional code of ethics adopted in 2011 (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). There are several problems realized even after abandoning the artisanal techniques of mining since t echnological advancements equally come with challenges. Markedly, technology might not stop mercury pollution, and the code of ethics does not have the will to offer directives to the machinery. As such, GGM should review the code of ethics in order to make the company liable to any safety and health concerns instead of relying entirely on technology and ignoring the functional code of ethics the company adopted. By respecting the code of ethics, the company will no longer worry about the environmental land disputes because it will acquire the land mines legally. In addition, the safety and health of the workers and supervisors will be secure, and this will limit the negative international attention received by unethical firms (Koradecka, 2009). There are companies that face cases of illegal eviction of people in order to carry out mining. Like Harmony Mining, Goliath Gold Mining has the responsibility of resettling people, avoiding bureaucratic principles of governance, and incorpo rating ethics in all stages of product development (Breslow, 2002). Legal implications It would be irrational to ignore that no legal implications involve land acquisition, eviction of residents, leaving of pitfalls, and exposure to poisonous gases and chemicals. Acquisition of work permits for gold miners remains one of the most complex exercises for investors. It becomes manageable when the government runs the project, but individual mine owners such as Harmony have a very difficult time in South Africa. Notable legal issues observed by the firm are discussed below. Non-discriminatory training and seeking expert advice GGM is yet to establish an employment criterion that trains and appraises both employees and managers. Currently, there is no clear framework for identifying the number of minority workers in the firm, observing gender balance, and avoiding the deployment of child labor. Since GGM only has three years of operation in the market, it has to ensure that it does not hav e any biases during recruitment and retention. Child labor is equally a concern that destroys the reputation of many mining firms, but GGM does not have such allegations presently. GGM has an inclusivity campaign to ensure that the geochemists, laborers, geologists, and the engineers work together irrespective of their ethnic backgrounds. The firm focuses on expertise, and it should have plans of succession without any form of racial discrimination (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). Observation of legal and civil law GGM does not formulate civil or legal regulations, meaning that it has to account for its land use and resettlement of displaced South African nationals in case the company seeks to acquire land for mining (Annual Report: Goliath Gold, 2011). The executive, the judiciary, and the legislature play significant roles in determining different investment ventures in the country. As such, the judiciary formulates laws that the legislature supports while the exe cutive assents. GGM should have an accredited title deed, a work permit, and a license of work in the various mines renewable by the Pretoria City council upon completion of work. Mines that are close to major roads or railway crossings and airports require way leaves because of future government construction plans (Steger, 2003). Government regulations Each sovereign country has a functional national government that approves most investment programs that are likely to provide jobs for the nationals. Therefore, the South African government has the responsibility of the citizens; it should not allow people to die in the name of earning a company income. GGM is partially dependent on the government; it has to adhere to various government regulations. Common factors worth observance include (Equal Employment Opportunities Codes) EEOC standards and CSR projects that GGM has to conduct in the environment of investment (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2001). GGM has to construct social amenit ies such as schools and health care facilities for the residents of Pretoria among other cities that largely depend on the growth of the industry. The government regulates GGM by ensuring that it is a member of the JSE, the Natural Resource Charter, and the South African Securities Exchange (SAASX) (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). In essence, the government regulations are important in keeping checks and balances while preventing GGM from using its individually crafted policies in running the South African economy. Taxation remains the most common regulation technique, but the costs increase for international companies investing in South Africa. Recommendations The best practice that would ensure that GGM adheres to all the safety and health standards is the appraisal of the code of ethics to match the changing market trends. The code of ethics will definitely address the risks of exposure to mercury and environmental effects of the pitfalls left after mining. GGMâ €™s code of ethics should equally strive at training laborers in order to reduce the number of artisanal gold mining fields while increasing the number of expert laborers in the South African job market (Cam, 2010). A good code of ethics deals with discrimination, respect to authority, equal payment, equal employment, and the significance of obeying both civil and legal regulations. The code of ethics spearheads the strategic plan, which contains the mission and vision statements of the company. This means that employees and supervisors will have a common document that contains all the policies and implications of violating the same while working for GGM. Most companies violate the code of ethics even though they formulate good documents with best practices. By coming up with a good code of ethics that observes inclusivity, it will be difficult to ignore the same. The executive needs to provide the best example by paying taxes, filing returns, initiating CSR programs, and follow ing OSHA regulations, as well as EEOC principles. When this happens, the code of ethics becomes effective to the rest of the team (Stellman, 1998). One of the most important things about the code of ethics is that it also covers the legal duties of GGM and other mining firms that have functional code of ethics. Since South Africa would not want to abandon tourism and farming, most GGM CSR programs should support similar initiatives since the public believes that the increasing number of mines causes a reduction in cultivation space. A code of ethics is likely to face many challenges including ignorance, neglect, and lack of support from bureaucratic leaders. As such, a company attorney and a member of the mining industry regulatory committee should be present when the company generates a code of ethics. The regulatory commission acts as the overseer of the implementation and execution of the code (Gunningham, 2008). This way the commission provides a non-partisan approach to issues while ensuring the GGM operates based on best practices as supported by the code of ethics. Conclusion In summary, the mining industry generates a lot of income for many countries. When countries discover oil, uranium, lead, or gold, they seem to forget other avenues of income generation. Sometimes the mining of various precious commodities becomes the source of various problems including health and safety. Both employees and managers play an imperative role in determining the level of safety and health requisite for each person working at the mine. A proposed best practice to deal with the issue is the establishment of a functional code of ethics that addresses both legal and ethical concerns in relation to mining. References Alana, W. (2012). Peru’s Social Conflict is About More than Mining. Web. Annual Report: Goliath Gold. (2011, June 24). Web. Bennett-Alexander, D., Hartman, L. P. (2001). Employment law for business. Boston, MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Breslow, L. (2002). En cyclopedia of public health. New York: Macmillan Reference. Cam, S. (2010). Soros Gold Bubble at $1,384 as Miners Push Buttons. Web. Cascio, W. (1998). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill. Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012. (2013, May 28). Web. Gunningham, N. (2008). Occupational Health and Safety, Worker Participation and the Mining Industry in a Changing World of Work. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 29(3), 336-361. Koradecka, D. (2009). Handbook of occupational safety and health. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis. Steger, U. (2003). Corporate Diplomacy: The Strategy for a Volatile, Fragmented Business Environment. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Stellman, J. M. (1998). Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety. Geneva: International Labour Office. Zwi, A., Fonn, S., Steinberg, M. (1988). Occupational health and safety in South Africa: The perspectives of capital, state, and unions. Social Science Medicine, 27( 7), 691-702.

General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essays

General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essays General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essay General Tourism Profile Of Rotterdam Tourism Essay Rotterdam port is the chief economic support for this metropolis. The sectored construction of Rotterdam is characterized by a comparatively big portion of conveyance and communicating, which is related to the metropolis s port activities. But hotels or eating house sectors seems to be smaller industry compared with others. It besides can be shown in the graph affecting the figure of occupations, added value per sectors. Rotterdam was one of the first metropoliss develop sustainable industrial touristry in urban touristry: from 1997, the touristry organisation offers the opportunities for tourers to the operational houses. Although there s a diminution in industrial touristry, today, several organisations are someway involved in providing company visits. Sustainable industry touristry brings the chances to advance the sustainable and environmental engineerings in Rotterdam, such as capturing CO2. And the opportunity for coaction or enlisting will be found during the Tourss. All that could take to the perfect fiscal public presentation. An illustration of Happy Shrimp Farm in Rotterdam Europe s first sustainable tropical runt farm has been established besides E.ON s electricity power station on the Maasvlakte. Residual heat from the E.ON Benelux power station can be used to raise the temperature of H2O, which creates a better status for shrimps turning. The farm is based on the rule of co-citing or sustainable production thanks to locally present factors such as energy, public-service corporations, residuary merchandises and infinite ( land and substructure ) . There are no negative environmental effects from farming. No antibiotic and antiseptic are used during the runt agriculture. An jaunt to the happy runt farm includes a presentation about the company, a workshop cooking and baking runts and a tiffin or dinner ( NRC Handelsblad, 2008 ) . That creates a satisfied sum from the circuit and dining experience. At same clip, the heat is gotten from waste power, which saves tonss energy. Education for tourers is indispensable to advance the sustainable industry touristry in Rotterdam. Sustainable Hospitality A ; Tourism in Rotterdam: Society The societal, civilization and economic development of all groups in Rotterdam is of import to long-run, sustainable regional development and growing, with an oculus for diverseness, cooperation, societal duty and societal entrepreneurship. Besides, cordial reception operations need to be able to measure the societal impact of its activities in order to heighten the wellbeing of single and communities. Health In footings of its environment, Rotterdam is a junction of expressway, H2O manner and air traffic. Many territories have been constructed in high denseness with unequal unfastened infinite, landscaping and resort area. These are all factors lead to wellness being identified as an of import subject in Rotterdam part. Cordial reception and touristry organisations should be responsible for the wellness of its people. These ends can be gone true by developing some wellness attention plans, constructing a green remainder land for employees. Young person policy A entire 20 % of occupants in the Rotterdam is under 18 and this per centum will lift in the coming old ages. And kids in Rotterdam run an above-average hazard of meeting jobs. For illustration: 20 % of kids grow up in households populating on or around the societal lower limit, 30 % grows up in a single-parent households. For accomplishing the consequences, cordial reception and touristry organisations could set up plans related to the kids of the staffs. That includes the young person attention, community school, drama classs. Corporation Social Responsibility in Rotterdam Corporation societal duty ( CSR ) is highly of import to touristry and cordial reception, which industry progressively contributes many of the negative effects of globalisation, such as poorness, environmental pollution and economic development of finishs. For many old ages corporate societal duty ( CSR ) has been an inexplicit portion of Rotterdam Tourism and Hospitality. And CSR has been put into action by guaranting that the activities and installations are sustainable, involved and crystalline. Many illustrations of CSR have already been mentioned in old paragraphs. Sustainability Tourism and cordial reception corporations have been implement a series of sustainable plans designed affecting air quality and clime alteration. These include cleaning power, the usage of low-sulfur fuel, efficient H2O direction. Besides, human resource direction and organisation civilization are taken into history in CSR, which have good consequences in life rhythm of Rotterdam occupants. Decidedly, all above undertakings aim to make economic contributes for both corporation and the metropolis. Engagement Corporations engagement is apparent from activities such as the communicating with instruction establishments about enlisting and staff development. Besides specific activities for forces and concern dealingss, a figure of big public events are organized like an exhibition of sustainable architectures. A big figure of bing enterprises are of a more long-run nature. These are undertaking to make with immature people, instruction and work experience arrangements, undertakings profiting the quality of life in the Rijinmond territory, every bit good as sponsoring and contributions to a scope of good causes. Decision Cordial reception and touristry industry have the tremendous potency and be progressively of import to back up the economic system for the finish because of the globalisation. For this, cordial reception and touristry show the attempts to alter the direction in a more sustainable manner. Rotterdam is a good illustration to demo the attempts to salvage the Earth and itself, particularly in the cordial reception and touristry direction. Rotterdam touristry is orientated as industry touristry because the port concern and trade chiefly back up the economic system for the metropolis. It is a new thought for touristry and makes full advantage of the economic resource of Rotterdam. The deficit of nature resource leads that the potency of Rotterdam touristry can non be shown to the full. For that, touristry and cordial reception organisations are doing attempts to make the green environment and at same clip protect the limited biodiversity. Last but non least, societal factors particularly advanced engineering and ethic sense aid sustainable cordial reception and touristry develop faster in Rotterdam. In decision, the societal, environmental and economic factors in Rotterdam required cordial reception and touristry industry been developed in a sustainable manner. And execution of sustainable cordial reception and touristry plans besides contributes the healthy economic system, the society with love and balance in the environment. That would be a win-win state of affairs for Rotterdam.

Business Plan (Opening online shop) IN HEART Coursework

Business Plan (Opening online shop) IN HEART - Coursework Example An online shop can easily trade with these countries because there are limited international trade regulations and it can have a positive impact on the growth of an online business (Porter 1985). Inflation affects the online business because buying the product online includes various costs associated with the product, which includes shipment cost and possibility of theft in online payments. The decrease in the buying power will have a negative effect in purchasing the product online because people would be reluctant to pay online due to the increased prices (Aaker and McLoughlin 2010). The ageing population is increasing in the United Kingdom and due to which the organizations are producing the products that caters the market for old people. This indicates the social change from organization point of view (Aaker and McLoughlin 2010). Coming up with new products all the time gives a competitive edge and it leads in the innovation, which results in the growth of the company. Every product contributes an impact towards the environment. If the product of an online shop creates a good impact then it will be appreciated by the customers (Porter 1985). ‘In heart’ online shop should approach towards the license of a website in a legal manner. Forming an online shop in today’s world can be achieved for a few costs unlike the franchises that need million dollars for a startup investment (Porter 1985). In the future it is expected that many of the businesses would be transformed online because of the heavy investment associated with the opening of franchises. The concept of ‘In Heart’ online shop would target a market of millions of audience and attract the people toward its product in the span of five years if factors favor the online businesses (McLaughlin 2010). The ‘In heart’ online shop should me more focused towards differentiating its designer product from its competitors because the online shops will tend to increase in number and

Case Study on Proctor and Gamble Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Proctor and Gamble - Case Study Example Survey should be conducted on the international level, thus a firm should be hired specially to implement the survey. The interrogation will allow to reveal the countries, where the company has a chance to gain more profit. As it is stated, the company increased its research and development budget: â€Å"P&G invested nearly $2 billion in research & development in 2010, which was nearly 50 percent more than their closest competitor† (Badal).This will allow the organization to improve technological background and use the information technologies to make its working process more efficient. 2. The main weakness of the Proctor & Gamble is turnaround time. The company needs too much time to develop products and to get them to the market. This often leads to profits reduction. As it was mentioned above, the company increased research and development budget as well as created new strategies to make the processes more efficient. In order to have competitive advantage, it is essential t o successfully implement these strategies. All the company’s staff should be involved in this implementation. Company also has many strong points, such as high quality of its products as well as innovation. The main thing is to work more efficiently and make products reach the customers faster. The success factors should be approached from the critical point of view that will benefit the company as will make all the managers and employees focused on the same goals. It is also essential for the company to improve customer service to be able to answer customer’s questions at any time. Given that all these points adjusted, the company will have competitive advantage. 3. If to look at the tables provided in the case study, Proctor & Gamble has competitive advantage, thus the company has high potential to stay successful in future and even to increase its revenues. The company’s mission is very promising: â€Å"We will provide branded products and services of superi or quality and value that improve the lives of the world's consumers, now and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit and value creation, allowing our people, our shareholders, and the communities in which we live and work to prosper† (Badal). The main goals of the company are to increase sales, innovated product lines, reach more customers. Organization is going to â€Å"focus on and serve price-conscious consumers with lowerpriced products, offering superior performance compared to competing products† (Badal). Proctor & Gamble aims at entering new markets and focusing on consumer’s needs. Like any other company, Proctor & Gamble also has a number of weaknesses, but it is going to improve the situation with its turnaround time and communication with the customers. If these points are adjusted, the company will continue thriving. 4. In order to keep the competitive advantage the company must innovate. It is imp ortant not only to create innovation strategy, but also to find the ways of its successful implementation. In order to do that it is necessary to involve all the people, who are working in the organization in the process to make the product reach the customers efficiently. It is essential to remember that it is not as organization that innovates, it is the employees, who find new solutions. It is

Multinational Corporations and Their Consequences for the Essay

Multinational Corporations and Their Consequences for the International Economy - Essay Example Several studies have reported the expansion of FDI and investigated the effect of such investments on host and home economies. The objective of this essay is to analyze and discuss the consequences of multinational corporations for the international economy. The Multinational Corporation and the International Economy The multinational corporation (MNC), also called international corporation, global corporation, transnational corporation (TNC), and so on, carry out globally all the operations that involve the standing of national states in the international economy (Frieden & Lake 1999, 167). MNCs, with their surplus of inter-firm agreements and huge number of foreign partners, reach almost all forms of economic mechanisms and nations, making it an imposing entity in today’s international economy (Levy-Livermore 1998, 147). MNCs have been expanding and advancing all over the world quite dramatically. Even though these corporations from the highly industrialized nations still co ntrol the global landscape, MNCs from the developing economies are emerging rapidly and increasingly. Thus far, there is no generally recognized definition of multinational corporation. ... Firms that participate in international business, however large they may be, solely by exporting or by licensing technology are not multinational enterprises. As an outcome of the process of liberalization, multinational corporations have been expanding rapidly in the developing economies. Almost all of the foreign partners of these corporations are located in the developing countries. The eager acceptance of national governments of MNCs suggests that these corporations serve a major function in economic growth. They significantly contribute to the improvement of the host countries’ economy, technology, exports, employment, and domestic investment. However, even though the host countries can gain more than a few benefits from these corporations, MNCs create numerous problems especially for the developing economies. They could tear down local companies through disproportionate competition, gain control of the market through acquisition of local companies or other ways (Ravenhil l 2008, 278). The MNCs’ operations and technologies which are geared toward global profit capitalization may not be suitable to the availability of resources, the size of local markets, consumption requirements, and the phase of development of a number of the developing economies. They may bring about rapid exhaustion of volumes of valuable, nonrenewable natural resources in the host country (Frieden & Lake 1999, 165). All these highlight the importance of a code of conduct for these corporations and a binding competition rules in the host economies. In addition, a number of MNCs are suspected of human rights violation and political manipulation.

Family Owned Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Owned Business - Essay Example This business enterprise has strived to accept the services of professionals in attaining a competitive edge over its rivals. In fact, it has adjusted to change and have embraced the new technologies to attain growth. Also, it believes in diversity in manpower as it helps in garnering the best talents in the market. Hence, a diverse manpower also gives this family owned business the path to flourish and excel and attain further growth. It believes in diversifying business so that the firm has greater stability in business. Moreover, this is one group which undertakes long-term planning and has formed strategic partnerships and diversified the group to include expert services into different segments of the market. This helps them to have a wider customer base. By conducting the above study on family businesses, we have observed that such business enterprises thrive in the market mainly due to the dedication and commitment displayed by members of the family. Also, these people are focu sed towards the growth of the organization as the adverse reputation of the firm may negatively hamper the reputation of the family name. Moreover, these enterprises are chiefly controlled by family members or maybe family owned. However, they may form strategic partnerships wherein family members hold key positions in the management of the company. Lastly, the key to success in such firms is by gaining a competitive edge, valuing organizational culture and allowing a diverse workforce in order to benefit from diversity.

Health and Safety Strand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Health and Safety Strand - Essay Example However, they may not know the immediate cause. It is indicated that most of them may not actually know that the vibration exposure may be the main cause. Hands to arm vibration on the other hand occur when individuals hold vibrating machines. However, such vibrations are not of high magnitude compared to that causing whole body vibration. Nevertheless, it has effects on the body especially when it is uncontrolled. It may cause loss of decreased grip and hand sensation. It has also been said to cause carpel tunnel syndrome. This happens when pressure on the median nerve causes numbness and weakness on fingers and hands. Apart from the above mild health problems, research conducted in the Europe and Australia have indicated presence of some of the fatal ailments. Both studies agree that mental disorders, cardiovascular diseases and occupational cancer as some of the most likely health problems. With lack of legal measures controlling the exposure to vibrations, it has become difficult to control these effects. However, many critics agree it is almost impossible to prevent machines from vibrating. It will therefore be difficult to protect employees from these harmful exposures. However, the researchers have indicated job rotation and reduced duration of exposure as some of the ways to mitigate this effect. (i) Describe the nature of occupational vibration exposure and the health effects of exposure to vibration; provide researched examples of affected workers or groups of workers Literature review Vibration exposures as indicted above should not be taken for granted. Majority of employees are not aware of the health effects of exposure to vibrations (Seidel 2000, p.26). Through they may experience complications from time to time; they might note relate them to vibrations. There are several studies, which have been carried out in a view to study the relationship between vibration exposure and health effects (VIBRISKS 2007, p.89). Most of those studies agree on one issues; that exposure to constant and persistent vibrations can result in fatal ailments. In 2008, the Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC) decided to find out how its workers were being affected in terms of health due to vibration exposures. The council decided to carry out a survey with the help of National Hazard Exposure Worker Surveillance (NHEWS) team. The main target subjects were workers in the farming, fishing, transport, industrial and the shipping sectors. These are the main occupations where individuals are more likely to be exposed to some kind of vibration (Macias 2007, p.90). The main reason for conducting the study was to find out whether the increased number of diseases such as occupational cancer and cardiovascular was in any way linked to the continued exposure (Paoli 2001, p.57). A sample of about 4,500 workers from the sectors indicated above was selected for the study. The researchers used the random sampling method to ensure that all subjects wer e given equal chance to participate in the study. Telephone calls were made randomly to the employees where they were asked questions about their occupation and how long they had worked. Secondly, the researcher wanted to know whether individuals understood the effects of vibrations on their health. Thirdly, subjects were asked to state some of the ailments they had been diagnosed with in the recent past. The research findings found that all the subjects were involved in one form of

Family Owned Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Owned Business - Essay Example This business enterprise has strived to accept the services of professionals in attaining a competitive edge over its rivals. In fact, it has adjusted to change and have embraced the new technologies to attain growth. Also, it believes in diversity in manpower as it helps in garnering the best talents in the market. Hence, a diverse manpower also gives this family owned business the path to flourish and excel and attain further growth. It believes in diversifying business so that the firm has greater stability in business. Moreover, this is one group which undertakes long-term planning and has formed strategic partnerships and diversified the group to include expert services into different segments of the market. This helps them to have a wider customer base. By conducting the above study on family businesses, we have observed that such business enterprises thrive in the market mainly due to the dedication and commitment displayed by members of the family. Also, these people are focu sed towards the growth of the organization as the adverse reputation of the firm may negatively hamper the reputation of the family name. Moreover, these enterprises are chiefly controlled by family members or maybe family owned. However, they may form strategic partnerships wherein family members hold key positions in the management of the company. Lastly, the key to success in such firms is by gaining a competitive edge, valuing organizational culture and allowing a diverse workforce in order to benefit from diversity.

Static Equilibrium Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Static Equilibrium - Lab Report Example From Newtons 1st law, an object is in equilibrium when it moves at constant velocity (Mathew, 2010, pp5). Static equilibrium is thus a system at rest is said to be in static equilibrium. The summation of equilibrium forces in each direction adds to zero. Also, the total net summation of torque is equates to zero. (Mathew, 2004, p.3).Ã" Fx=0, Ã" Fy=0, Ã" Fz=0, Ã" Ã"Ž=0,Fx becomes the force that occur in the X direction and Fy are the forces that occur in the Y component direction (Mathew,2010.pp.7). Fz is the force acting towards the Z direction. Force in an action as either a push or a pull that acts on an object. It has units given Newton. (N). Torque can be defined as the product as force and distance (r) about a point that causes the object to rotate. This is formal equation for torque is Ã"Ž=FrsinÏ ´ (Mathew, 2014, pp.4).F is the force in Newtons (N), r is the distance from the reference at which that the force acts at from the force vector at an angle from the distance. T orque= (Force) (Momentum arm), by convention a torque creating a clockwise rotation becomes negative torque, and a torque causing a counterclockwise rotation gives positive torque In this experiment, the force acting on a ring on a force table will be broken into constituents. The force, both magnitude and direction it will necessary to balance the ring. Equipment’s such as Force Table, Set of Hanging, Masses set of weights, three mass hangers, Ruler, Torque Balance Stand, string, two balances (Eisenberg, 2009 p.56) The mass for the 50gram disk was calculated. Also, mass of one of the hangers was measure. The mass of the disk was increased to the mass of the hanger, and its sum tabulated. This process was done again for second 50 gram disk and mass hanger. The sum was taken as M2 the components of for both X and Y of the force vectors given that m1 positioned at an angle of 40 degrees, and m2 is at 120 degree. In order to obtain the magnitude direction, a third force is necessary to balance

Photographing architecture Essay Example for Free

Photographing architecture Essay Introduction: Words are like bricks. If the bricks are of even size, arranged properly, the structure will be fine and sturdy. If the bricks are weak, broken and arranged by an imperfect mason, the results are obvious. So is the case with literature. Appropriate words needs to be used at the appropriate place; the outcome will be pleasant reading, soul-satisfying! A good author can chisel perfect statue out of the strength of words. The essential ingredients of a novel are plot, characterization and imagery and the force of the words. Poets say a beautiful girl looks more beautiful, when she is calm and polite. Likewise, a good book turns out better to read by appropriately-applied flowery vocabulary. Calvino’s book under review, â€Å"Photographing Architecture,† is the perfect example of this category, though it doesn’t have the plot as such. Calvino makes many things visible†¦. The book is about photographing architecture, through the charming, magical words-the magnetic literary skill. This book is the perfect example, to know and understand how to write about the cities. Again, the intelligent application of the words is the hallmark of the book. From the practical viewpoint, the book is easy to carry; it is small in size. The prose is breathtakingly elegant. Marco Polo describes to Kublai Khan, how each city is interestingly different, though full of contradictions. The book, therefore, becomes the tourist guide of the cities as for the architecture of the era. Marco Polo involves himself so much about the description of the cities, he is so touchy about their decline, and he says candidly to Kublai Khan about the city of his birth, Venice, â€Å"Perhaps I am afraid of losing Venice all at once, if I speak of it. Or perhaps, speaking of other cities, I have already lost it, little by little. (Calvino, 1978, p.87) Every perception of the city is taken care of, each city gets a new type of description, and how one arrives at the city, which part is toured initially, whether one resides in the city or only travels through it. Some of the descriptions look like real-life shopping—a jewelry box, a phantasmagoria etc. In the architecture school, in a part of the syllabus, the student needs to draw these cities from the descriptions provided by Calvino. Such was his perfect and realistic assessment of the architecture! The cities belong to the great Mongol Empire. Each city bears a woman’s name and yet from the description of the cities, full justice seems to have not been made to the female gender. Did Marco Polo follow the conditions of women, then prevailing? Women find little mention; their presence tends to be half-sequestered, peeping from windows and verandas, not a single positive role, while men are brave and adventurous explorers. Macro Polo seems to be the guide and philosopher of Kublai Khan. He listened to him with kindled curiosity, about the city and architecture of his own Empire, so big, that the King would not be able to travel through the cities in his lifetime. But the conversations are supposed to imaginary. The imagination of Marco Polo is so fertile, it borders reality, if not beats it in many areas. He mentally constructs the cities to perfection. â€Å"Invisible Cities† is presented as a dialogue between explorer Marco Polo and the great Kublai Khan, in which the former is describing cities he has visited in the Khans empire. In his story telling, Marco Polo describes these cities in every way possible: ‘by their inner structures, their denizens, from above, below, within, through their mirror images, and even utilizing modern day urban settings.’ Some of the cities about which Marco Polo talks about to Kublai Khan are, Armilla-unfinished or demolished, Zobeide, a white city, well-exposed to the moon, Moriana, with alabaster gates transparent in the sunlight, Ersilia, the city of labyrinth of taut strings and poles, Thekla, the city under construction, Argia, the city that has earth instead of air and Olinda, the city that grows in concentric circles. Conclusion: Books written in poetic style, with emotional contents, appeal to the heart. Marc Polo, the author-architect, makes that happen. It is the reader’s heart, and Marco Polo controls its beats not only for the duration of the reading, but even longer. References: Calvino, Italo: Book: Invisible Cities Paperback: 165 pages Publisher: Harvest Books; 1st Harvest/HBJ Ed edition (May 3, 1978) Language: English ISBN-10: 0156453800 ISBN-13: 978-0156453806

Explain what causes changes in supply and demand

Explain what causes changes in supply and demand The constancy and steadiness of any economy is based on the structure of its supply and demand. The supply and demand establish the pattern of the prices and the quantities of different commodities and products in the economy. The increase and decrease in the supply and demand fluctuates the prices and the quantities of different products. The market has a certain balance between various elements and all this symmetry is affected by the variation in the pattern of supply and demand. Various replacements and substitutions play role in adjusting the balance of the market and the prices and their elasticity are also affected by these. Furthermore all this has an effect on the society. Basically four market systems are there. Varied roles are played by the economists in different markets. Explain what causes changes in supply and demand A market is a place where various products are bought and sold. At times there is too much quantity of a certain good is present in the market then it is said that the supply of that good is high. When a product is produced and the capability and eagerness to sell this product is there at a certain price in a certain time period then this is known as supply of that product. Similarly when there is a capability and eagerness to buy a certain product at a certain price in a certain period is known as the demand of that product. The income is traded in return of various jobs and tasks. Likewise if we have a demand of any particular product we offer money in order to buy it. Market equilibrium is basically where the demand of any product is almost equal to the supply of the product. At this stage the prices for such a product are the most suitable for it. Whereas if there is too much supply and the demand for a product is comparatively low then the consumers will pay less for that product. Similarly if there is too much demand of any product but the market has a less supply of that product then the price of such a product goes high and the buyers are willing to pay even more for it. Therefore in order to maintain the market equilibrium it is better to bring the supply equal to demand and vice versa. Determine how changes in price and quantity influence market equilibrium Steven Tomilison defines equilibrium (Understanding Market Equilibrium, Determining A Competitive Equilibrium, p1,) as a state where there is no propensity to change. Market equilibrium is a stage where the prices and quantity of any product remains constant and endure the pressure by the buyers and the sellers. Here the supply of a product is basically similar to the demand of the product. This equilibrium is disturbed when there because of undue pressure a change is brought about in the prices or quantity of any product. What actually happens is that there maybe less demand of a product where the sellers might bring in too much of the product in the market. Here basically there is less willingness to buy a product or the demand of that product is reduced thus affecting the prices and also reducing them. Likewise if there is too much eagerness by the buyers to buy a certain product but the suppliers bring in lesser quantity in the market this will increase the demand thus increasing the prices of that product also. This all is actually bringing a change in the prices and quantity of a product thus affecting the supply and demand and bringing a change in the market equilibrium. This all can be stated that an increase in quantity decreases the prices whereas the decrease in quantity will increase the prices. Describe how the necessity of a good and the availability of substitutions impact price elasticity. Harrison (2004) defined elasticity as the flexibility to increase or decrease. When it comes to the elasticity of the prices this can be shown by a graph of price elasticity of demand or PED. This price elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing both the percentages of demand with the price. This PED is very useful. Companies are interested in them when investing in new business or starting new ventures. It gives them the idea of competitive prices and the profit margin. According to Harrison (2004) the influence or effect of the taxes and subsidies is seen by the governments by this PED. By levying more taxes on harmful products such as cigarettes or alcohol will increase its prices thus decreasing its demand. Similarly by providing a subsidy on any product will decrease the price of that product thus reducing its price and making it easier for the consumers to buy it or increased demand. Nowadays for every product there are different alternatives or substitutions present in the market. The necessity of a product will lead to finding its substitution and creates a direct relationship in them. This relationship fluctuates because of different situations and conditions of the market and the world and this is what capitalism is. Food has been described as essential and fundamental element for life by the China Agricultural Economic Review. This review describes the relationship between the supply, demand and the prices of different products in Nigeria. The domestic food prices were increased when Nigeria faced a food shortage between 1998 and 2001. To overcome this shortage different food products and livestock was imported from other countries. This increased the prices of these food products as large import bills came along with them which added up to the prices of these products. Automatically these prices were to be endured by the consumers. This resulted in large import bills. Now the domestic food prices were already high because of the shortage the imported food prices were almost similar or even higher then those products. This all brought about the elasticity in the prices and the economy was provided with elasticity. The market would have said to be inelastic if there was no shortage and the food p rices were normal and there were less imports and competition higher. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?did=1657972491sid=3Fmt=6clientId=13118RQT=309VName=PQD). Market Systems and the Role of an Economist There are different types of business and likewise the market systems are also of different types. As per Mankiw (2007) the market systems can be divided into four basic types, and the markets not only in US but all over the world usually fall under one or the other categories. Majority of the economists also agree with this diversification of market systems. Monopoly is one of the market systems. As the name refers the market is dominated by a single or sole seller and usually no alternatives are present for such a product. Since there are no substitutions the competition factor is also absent. Due to the advancement in the technology and information explosion usually the monopoly of any one product is nowadays not commonly seen but still companies like cable companies, trash collectors etc. are considered to be monopolies due to the uniqueness they provide through their product or services. According to Mankiw (2007) the monopolies enjoy this state because of the low marginal value they keep. Oligopoly is another type of market system. According to Mankiw (2007) in oligopoly there are very few sellers present in the market for a certain product and action of one at times affects others also. The profits of everyone are affected by oneà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s decision. This type of competition is known as imperfect competition. Monopolistic competition is one of the market systems. As per Mankiw (2007) in this type of market system there are sellers who sell products which may be alike but cannot be considered as identical. That is their few features may be similar but they do differ from one another in other features. Again this is a type of imperfect type of market systems where the buyers are same but the products are different. Perfect competition is the fourth type of market system and as the name indicates that the competition in this type of market system is perfect. The product is absolutely same but there are a number of sellers present in the market. The competition here is too high because of the number of sellers and the price of the product is usually very near to the cost of the product. It is difficult for the sellers to gain a good margin out of such type of a market. One business can only be successful if it copes up well with the type of market system it enters. Good economists tend to understand the demand of the market system. They are well aware of the cost of the production and make efforts to offer better then its competitors. The buyers are always looking for the best with the most cost effective price. In order to earn the most of the market share one has to cut down its prices to the lowest then only it can compete successfully. Conclusion Thus the price of the product, the product itself, its buyers and sellers are the factors that affect the supply and demand of a product. The decision of the buyers regarding the quantity and their purchase is very much dependent on the price of the product. They are always willing to pay for quality but it is essential that it should be affordable for them. The increase in supply is because of too much quantity of a product present in the market, similarly the demand increases when there is not enough of the product present in the market. The price elasticity is also dependent on the importance of a good and the competition present for that good.

The Eve of St. Agnes by John Keats Essay -- The Eve of St. Agnes John

Someone once said that true love is only an illusion and can never be achieved. This is evidently shown through many elements of the poem by John Keats, â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† Much of this poem is about the imagination and how it can blind people and make them oblivious to the true events that are occurring. We the readers can see this very easily through the portrayal of one of the main characters Madeline. The second main character Porphyro tries to authenticate her quest for a dream experience however ends up taking advantage of her while she thinks she is still dreaming. The poem does endorse how the power of Madeline’s visionary imagination can influence her and the others around her, but also that happenings outside of the dream can cause the person in the dream to be taken advantage of with out the dreamers knowledge. The truth is that Porphyro knows exactly what he is doing and instead of doing things in a honorable way, he decides to proceed in a dishonorable way and totally violates her visionary imagination. The night that is being spoken of in this poem is a night of dreams and imagination. It is supposed to be a mystical night in which young women have dreams of their one true love. Madeline takes this to a totally different level in that she totally succumbs to the mystical ability of the night and totally loses her mind. In that she doesn’t even know if she is still dreaming or if she is wake. Some interpretations of the poem say that she is wake and know what she is doing. However, I believe the contrary that she doesn’t know what she is doing. â€Å"Hoodwink’d with faery fancy.† (70) Most of what she does is due to the mystical feeling the night causes. A mind can play may tricks and the mind can make ... ... to trick her into doing something on a night to which she seem to have no control over, on one of the most mystical night of them all. The only reason that I can think of that she goes away with him at the end is not because she truly love him, but that she is starting to realize what she did. Now the only honorable thing to do is go away with him so that she doesn’t dishonor anyone. This is kind of ironic because it was the dishonor of Porphyro, which caused all this, and yet she is doing the honorable thing. Works Cited Page Keats, John. â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol II, Ed. MH Abrams, et al. New York; Norton 2000. Pg 834-844. Stillinger, Jack. â€Å"The Hoodwinking of Madeline: Skepticism in The Eve of St. Agnes.† Twentieth Century Interpretations of the â€Å"Eve of St. Agnes.† Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Pgs. 67-94

Lab Report: Testing How the Length of a Wire Determines its Resistance :: essays research papers

Science Coursework The Resistance of a Wire Aim: To find out how the length of a wire affects the resistance of it. Knowledge: Ohms Law is a mathematical equation that shows the relationship between Voltage, Current and Resistance in an electrical circuit. It is stated as: , V = I x R , R = V / I , I = V / R Where  · V = Voltage  · I = Current (I stands for INTENSITY)  · R = Resistance In order to understand what Ohms Law is all about you need to understand electricity and what makes Voltage, Current and Resistance in a circuit. Current Current is the movement of electrons in a circuit but "What are electrons and what makes them move?" All matter is made up of Atoms. Piece of metal made up of Atoms Each atom is made up of a nucleus that has a certain number of protons and neutrons with an equal numbers of electrons in orbit. The copper atom has 29 protons in its nucleus with 29 electrons orbiting the nucleus. The electrons are arranged in orbits called shells. Notice that in the copper atom, the outside shell has only one electron. The outer shell of any atom is called the valence shell. When the valence electron in any atom gains sufficient energy from some outside force, it can break away from the parent atom and become what is called a free electron. It is very easy to provide enough energy to cause the valence electron to become free. Some sources of energy are heat, light, magnetic fields and a voltage source. When the valence electron becomes free it leaves behind an atom that has a positive charge. Remember that the copper atom has 29 + protons and 29 electrons so if one electron leaves orbit we are left with +29 protons and 28 electrons. That means the atom has a more positive charge because of the one less electron. This is an unbalanced atom and is not natural. The atom will always try to get an electron back into the valence orbit to become normal or balanced again. This is the one fact that you should remember and try to visualize when working with electrical circuits. Electric current is the movement of electrons from one atom to another in a conductor. If you can visualize a piece of copper wire with billions of atoms and each one of them losing an electron and all the electrons jumping to other atoms, you will begin to see what current is.

How to Play Chess

Learn How to Play Chess: The Rules It's never to late to learn how to play chess – the most popular game in the world! If you are totally new to the game or even want to learn all of the rules and strategies, read on! |History of Chess |Special Rules |Chess960 | |Starting a Game |Check & Checkmate |Basic Strategies & Openings | |How the Pieces Move |Draws & Repetition |Getting Better at Chess | pic]Prefer to watch a video? Click here to learn chess with a 15 minute video! [pic] History of Chess The origins of chess are not exactly clear, though most believe it evolved from earlier chess-like games played in India almost two thousand years ago. The game of chess we know today has been around since the 15th century where it became popular in Europe. The Goal of Chess Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king. Checkmate happens when the king is in a position to be captured (in check) and cannot escape from capture. At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has the white (or light) color square in the bottom right-hand side. The chess pieces are then arranged the same way each time. The second row (or rank) is filled with pawns. The rooks go in the corners, then the knights next to them, followed by the bishops, and finally the queen, who always goes on her own matching color (white queen on white, black queen on black), and the king on the remaining square. The player with the white pieces always moves first. Therefore, players generally decide who will get to be white by chance or luck such as flipping a coin or having one player guess the color of the hidden pawn in the other player's hand. White then makes a move, followed by black, then white again, then black and so on until the end of the game. How the Chess Pieces Move Each of the 6 different kinds of pieces moves differently. Pieces cannot move through other pieces (though the knight can jump over other pieces), and can never move onto a square with one of their own pieces. However, they can be moved to take the place of an opponent's piece which is then captured. Pieces are generally moved into positions where they can capture other pieces (by landing on their square and then replacing them), defend their own pieces in case of capture, or control important squares in the game. The King The king is the most important piece, but is one of the weakest. The king can only move one square in any direction – up, down, to the sides, and diagonally. Click on the â€Å">† button in the diagram below to see how the king can move around the board. The king may never move himself into check (where he could be captured). [pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. Kd4 Kf6 2. Kd5 Kf5 3. Kd6 Ke4 4. Ke7 Kd4 5. Ke6 Kc5 6. Kf5 Kd5 7. Kf4 Ke6 8. Ke4 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | The Queen The queen is the most powerful piece. If moved she can move in any one straight direction – forward, backward, sideways, or diagonally – as far as possible as long as she does not move through any of her own pieces. And, like with all pieces, if the queen captures an opponent's piece her move is over. Click through the diagram below to see how the queens move. Notice how the white queen captures the black queen and then the black king is forced to move. [pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. Qg4 Qa8 2. Qg7 Qa2 3. Qc7 Qg8 4. Qb6 Qe6+ 5. Qxe6+ Kd8 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | The Rook The rook may move as far as it wants, but only forward, backward, and to the sides. The rooks are particularly powerful pieces when they are protecting each other and working together! pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. Rh7 Rc8 2. Rb6 Rc1+ 3. Kd2 Ra1 4. Rb8# [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | The Bishop The bishop may move as far as i t wants, but only diagonally. Each bishop starts on one color (light or dark) and must always stay on that color. Bishops work well together because they cover up each other’s weaknesses. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. Bc4 Be7 2. Bf4 Bd7 3. Bb8 Bg4 4. Bb5+ Kf7 5. Be5 Bh5 6. Bc4+ Kg6 7. Bd3+ Kg5 8. Bh7 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | The Knight Knights move in a very different way from the other pieces – going two squares in one direction, and then one more move at a 90 degree angle, just like the shape of an â€Å"L†. Knights are also the only pieces that can move over other pieces. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. Ne2 Nc6 2. Nd2 Nf6 3. Nf 1 Ne5 4. Kf2 Nh5 5. Ne3 Nf6 6. Nf5 Ne4+ 7. Ke3 Nc5 8. Nc1 Nd7 9. Ng3 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | The Pawn Pawns are unusual because they move and capture in different ways: they move forward, but capture diagonally. Pawns can only move forward one square at a time, except for their very first move where they can move forward two squares. Pawns can only capture one square diagonally in front of them. They can never move or capture backwards. If there is another piece directly in front of a pawn he cannot move past or capture that piece. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 exd5 4. c4 dxc4 5. b3 cxb3 6. axb3 c5 7. dxc5 a5 8. f4 f6 9. g4 g5 10. fxg5 fxg5 11. h4 h6 12. h5 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | Promotion Pawns have another special ability and that is that if a pawn reaches the other side of the board it can become any other chess piece (called promotion). A pawn may be promoted to any piece. [NOTE: A common misconception is that pawns may only be exchanged for a piece that has been captured. That is NOT true. ] A pawn is usually promoted to a queen. Only pawns may be promoted. [pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. a7 f2 2. a8=Q f1=N+ 3. Kd3 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | En Passant The last rule about pawns is called â€Å"en passant,† which is French basically means â€Å"in passing†. If a pawn moves out two squares on its first move, and by doing so lands to the side of an opponent’s pawn (effectively jumping past the other pawn’s abili ty to capture it), that other pawn has the option of capturing the first pawn as it passes by. This special move must be done immediately after the first pawn has moved past, otherwise the option to capture it is no longer available. Click through the example below to better understand this odd, but important rule. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. e4 dxe3 2. dxe3 e5 3. fxe6 fxe6 4. g4 g5 5. h3 b5 6. axb6 axb6 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | Castling One other special rule is called castling. This move allows you to do two important things all in one move: get your king to safety (hopefully), and get your rook out of the corner and into the game. On a player’s turn he may move his king two squares over to one side and then move the rook from that side’s corner to right next to the king on the opposite side. (See the example below. ) In order to castle, however, it must meet the following conditions: it must be that king’s very first move it must be that rook’s very first move there cannot be any pieces between the king and rook to move the king may not be in check or pass through check [pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. O-O O-O-O [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | Notice that when you castle one direction the king is closer to the side of the board. That is called kingside. Castling to the other side, through where the queen sat, is called castling queenside. Regardless of which side, the king always moves only two squares when castling. Check and Checkmate As stated before, the purpose of the game is to checkmate the opponent’s king. This happens when the king is put into check and cannot get out of check. There are only three ways a king can get out of check: move out of the way (though he cannot castle! ), block the check with another piece, or capture the piece threatening the king. If a king cannot escape checkmate then the game is over. Customarily the king is not captured or removed from the board, the game is simply declared over. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. f3 e5 2. g4 Qh4# [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | Draws Occasionally chess games do not end with a winner, but with a draw. There are 5 reasons why a chess game may end in a draw: The position reache s a stalemate where it is one player’s turn to move, but his king is NOT in check and yet he does not have another legal move The players may simply agree to a draw and stop playing There are not enough pieces on the board to force a checkmate (example: a king and a bishop vs. a king) A player declares a draw if the same exact position is repeated three times (though not necessarily three times in a row) Fifty consecutive moves have been played where neither player has moved a pawn or captured a piece. Chess960 Chess960 (also called Fischer Random) is a chess variant that follows all of the normal rules of chess, but where the â€Å"opening theory† does not play a large role in the game. The starting position of the pieces is randomly chosen by following only 2 rules: the bishops must be on opposite colors, and there must be one rook on each side of the king. The black and white pieces are in a mirrored position. There are exactly 960 possible starting scenarios that follow these rules (thus the name â€Å"960†). The only odd rule is with castling: the rules are mostly the same (king and rook cannot have moved and cannot castle through check or in check), with the additional rule that the squares between where the king and castled rook will end up must be vacant from all pieces except the king and rook. For more info and examples, click here. Some Tournament Rules Many tournaments follow a set of common, similar rules. These rules do not necessarily apply to play at home or online. Touch-move If a player touches one of their own pieces they must move that piece as long as it is a legal move. If a player touches an opponent’s piece, they must capture that piece. A player who wishes to touch a piece only to adjust it on the board must first announce the intention, usually by saying â€Å"adjust†. Introduction to Clocks and Timers Most tournaments use timers to regulate the time spent on each game, not on each move. Each player gets the same amount of time to use for their entire game and can decide how to spend that time. Once a player makes a move they then touch a button or hit a lever to start the opponent’s clock. If a player runs out of time and the opponent calls the time, then the player who ran out of time loses the game (unless the opponent does not have enough pieces to checkmate, in which case it is a draw). Click here to watch two players quickly playing a timed game of chess! Basic Strategy There are four simple things that every chess player should know: [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. e4 d5 2. exd5 Qxd5 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Nxd5 Nf6 5. Nxc7+ Kd8 6. Nxa8 Ne4 7. f3 Bf5 8. fxe4 Bxe4 [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | #1 Protect your king Get your king to the corner of the board where he is usually safer. Don’t put off castling. You should usually castle as quickly as possible. Remember, it doesn’t matter how close you are to checkmating your opponent if your own king is checkmated first! #2 Don’t give pieces away Don’t carelessly lose your pieces! Each piece is valuable and you can’t win a game without pieces to checkmate. There is an easy system that most players use to keep track of the relative value of each chess piece: A pawn is worth 1 A knight is worth 3 A bishop is worth 3 A rook is worth 5 A queen is worth 9 The king is infinitely valuable At the end of the game these points don’t mean anything – it is simply a system you can use to make decisions while playing, helping you know when to capture, exchange, or make other moves. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] 8 a b c d e f g 8 h 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 a b c d e f g h 1 pawn  promotion [pic][pic][pic][pic] 1. e4 a6 2. d4 h5 3. Nf3 Rh6 4. Bxh6 Nxh6 5. Bc4 b6 6. O-O f6 7. Nc3 g6 8. Re1 Bg7 9. Qd3 Bb7 10. Rd1 Qc8 11. e5 Qd8 12. Qxg6+ Kf8 13. exf6 Bxf6 14. Qxh6+ Ke8 15. Qg6+ Kf8 16. Qf7# [pic] Copy/paste the code below into your webpage or blog html to display this game: [pic] |HELPRESTARTSOLUTION |P|| | |FLIP|SHARE |ANALYZE |PGN | | | | | #3 Control the center You should try and control the center of the board with your pieces and pawns. If you control the center, you will have more room to move your pieces and will make it harder for your opponent to find good squares for his pieces. In the example below white makes good moves to control the center while black plays bad moves. #4 Use all of your pieces In the example above white got all of his pieces in the game! Your pieces